Quantitative reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantitative reasoning - Essay Example Tar coats the lungs, nicotine damages the nerve cells and carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. During pregnancy everything in a woman’s blood stream is transferred to the baby through the placenta and umbilical cord. The placenta and umbilical cord cannot filter out the poisonous carbon monoxide and nicotine, as a result, the toxins directly reach the blood stream of the unborn baby. Because of this the normal growth of the baby is hampered resulting in a low birth weight baby. Such babies have serious illnesses and breathing disorders and have to be kept in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Low birth weight can be due to poor growth before birth, preterm delivery or both reasons together. As the studies by the US Public Health Service say, in 2004, 11.9 percent of the babies born to smokers in the United States had low birth weight compared to 7.2 percent of babies born to non smokers. Compared to non smoking mothers, smoking mothers have an increased risk of premature rupture of the membrane ie the sac that holds the baby inside the uterus breaks earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy resulting in the birth of a premature baby. Consequently premature and low birth weight babies have an increased risk of chronic lifelong disabilities like cerebral palsy, mental retardation and learning problems. Premature babies may have underdeveloped lungs and brains and stand poor chance of survival in the early months after birth. In one of the recent studies as stated in an article of March of Dimes organization, women who smoke anytime during the month before pregnancy till the ending of the first trimester are more likely to deliver a baby with congenital heart defects. The risk increases with the increase in the number of cigarettes smoked. A 2003 study by the researchers of March of Dimes points that babies

You can make a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can make a topic - Essay Example Stone reason that the whole concern of equality and rights revolve around the subject of who ‘human being’ is and what nature has empowered him to do. Humans has the capacity through the experience of pain and or pleasure to substantiate the moral authority bestowed by nature on them to protect animals from pain and other sufferings while at the same time defining the interest of trees in being watered. Contention in this discussion places human beings in the centre place through which he is morally obligated to relieve animals of any form of pain and suffering. The movements that run in the interest of liberating animals and safeguarding their interests lobby on the natural responsibility endowed on humans to protect their lives or at least meeting their interests (Sagaff, 38-39). This revolves around a postulation by Leopold that human beings exist in a community of nature through which interactions are bound by morality and through which human beings are bound to hono r the natural obligation of safeguarding the interests of animals in at the least form minimizing their pain and suffering. The contradiction arises while the environmentalists and conservationists concentrated efforts in ecological issues unlike expressing their interests in humanitarian issues. Therefore, the environmentalists are seen through the eyes of allowing hunting practices as a means to balance the ecological support by nature when some species exceed the carrying capacity of the environment. This raises the concern that there exist the disparities in matters of morality in safeguarding the interest of these animals when at the same time advocating for the hunting. However, this whole discussion leave humans at the centre with his role being defined by nature and morality in respect to safeguarding the interests of animals which are notably prone to sufferings. The liberationist movements therefore champion the role of human beings to

Play review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Play review - Essay Example Every man in the town wanted to ask her for a hand for marriage because of her success and beauty. Similarly, Portia’s father loved her and as though he foresaw the challenges that his daughter would face, he decided to leave behind three strongboxes. Each box had a different message addressed to individuals who would try their lack in marrying Portia. Only one of the box contained Portia’s picture and the individual who chose this box had the right to marry her (Williams 67). Different prominent individuals tried their luck and failed. Bassano finally showed up, handsome and whose business was not performing well. His love for Portia drives him to ask for help from Antonia, who promised to give him the money he required to accomplish the task in wooing Portia. Antonia then talked to shylock who agreed to lend him money interest free under the condition that he must refund the money at the stipulated time, failure to which shylock would chop a piece of his body part. Ba ssanio sets his journey to Portia’s who advices him to wait for sometime before making his choose. Bassanio refused and went ahead in his selection on that faithful day, by the grace of God he managed to take the right strongbox. Later the two married and leaved happily thereafter. I did not like the court ruling on the case between Antonio and Shylock. The two characters had an agreement on the terms and conditions of the loan. Shylock had to lend money interest free on the basis that Antonio agreed to refund on time, failure to that, shylock had to cut part of Antonio’s body. Shylock went to seek for the court intervention where the court decides to make a ruling in favor of Antonio (Williams 123). The reason being that, shylock was not a citizen of that country and everyone in the courtroom including the judges were his enemies. At this point, justice failed to prevail. The play

Project Implementation Plan Essay Example for Free

Project Implementation Plan Essay In a project the communication level is a very important part from the beginning to the end of project close out and completion stage. This method in the plan is extremely necessary and it is a needed tool that helps assist the project team, the stakeholders, and the executive team of Enterprise. This tool is effective and it makes sure all members involved with the project is on the same level of understanding, it makes sure all involved stays updated on the project, knows what is going on in the project, and it helps keep the project information together. â€Å"One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs among time, cost, and performance† (Gray Larson, 2006, p. 103). A project manager must ensure that he keeps everybody inform about the latest development of the project; thereby gives sense of belonging to every member of the project team as well as the sponsor or customer. Within this project, the communication plan is the key element that is designed to help assist the project team, stakeholders, and the executive team aware of any progress, and to help keep up with the status of the progress in the process. The plan of communication design help keep all members of the project aware of the progress and the status of the project, it helps everyone stay informed and connected in the project, and it gives information regarding any matters of urgency that are crucial within the project progress. The purpose of this  communication plan is to make sure all key aspects and elements of the communication strategy are documented and implemented successfully in the project. The strategies implemented include: frequency, method of delivery, recipients, and owner. The frequency in this communication plan entails scheduled meetings and how often they are being scheduled, it explains the project progress and all important information needed to help assist with the project deliverables which helps keep all the members aware of everything needed to meet the objectives of the project while keeping everyone on the same level of understanding. The team will have meeting on the status and progress of the project deliverables scheduled throughout the project as needed. Method of delivery is the avenue in which the reports or minutes of all the meetings will be disseminating to all the participants. The method adopts for the purpose of this project is through email, in person, and paper copy. The recipients in this project are project team, enterprise executive and potential stakeholders in the project outcomes. These are the people that directly are involved in carrying out activities in this project. The format is in regards to the style adopted to see the communication being effective as the project progresses. These are important elements needed to help achieve the project objectives and deliverables which keep all members connected, informed, and constantly communicating. The training, development, and overall retention and selection practices helps manage challenges (McNamara, 2011). The channel of communication for the purpose of this project will be formal in nature. No informal meeting will be allow or reckon with, all information must be well documented with proper references. Verbal and written communication is needed in as much it does oblige with the communication plan designed for this project. It is essential to the elements of the project success that all stakeholders involved have to follow the rules as contains in this communication plan because this will help track any issues as regards the scope, schedule and cost of this project. The project manager is in charge of clarifying any elements in this communication plan, and all concerns need to be addressed to the project manager. PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA Introduction Review meeting times Project progress update Contingency modification Request for information Scope performance Budget performance Project Schedule Owner items Next meeting date PROGRESS MEETING AGENDA Meeting agenda are guidelines that help modify and keep focuses of the issues to be discussed. The elements are tools that write down everything that needs to be achieved after a meeting. In the case of this project, many items have been identified and pencil down for this purpose of this meeting. They are introduction, review of last meeting minutes, project progress update, contingency modification, request for information, contractor update about scope performance, budget performance, and project schedule, also identified are owner items, and next meeting date. Introduction gives every participant in the meeting the ability to tell people who they are, what they are doing and their contribution or job function as related to the on-going project. This process brings everyone together on the same page and it helps members get to know one another and form an effective working relationship. Review last meeting minutes is an important element in this process that explains all the activ ities of previous meeting if there is any out loud so that everyone clearly hears and knows what is going on in the project. This allows all members to know what has been said, what needs to be done, and it helps to go over everything about the agenda of the day. Progress update is the most important aspect of this process. All the major stake holders furnish the house with comprehensive update of what happen to the project since last meeting. This must cover the areas of what was identified in the previous progress meeting as well which helps keep all members of the project on the same level of understanding what has happened, is happening, and will happen in the next meeting. Contingency modification is when things happen unexpectedly during the activities of the project needs to cater for. This should bring attention to the house if there is any  contingency or not, and if there is any, what is the solution put in place to address this contingency. Request for information is where information that needs immediate attention of project team is discussed. The information here could be result of specifics action that was previously talked about in the past meetings. Contractor update is when the contractor gives detail reports of the project or major portion of the project to the sponsor or customer. The parameter that the report of contractor will focus on must include project scope performance, project budget performance and project schedule. Owner items explain what the owner has observed within the project. He or she explains whether or not the project is going as scheduled? Is the project still running within the budget and are specifications being met? This is a means that the owner talks extensively about what he or she has observed and what changes he or she wants to see before the next meeting. Next meeting date is where the current meeting is adjourned and the next progress meeting date is announce to everybody. The date, the time and the venue of the meeting will be known to everybody. The next meeting helps prepare all members for the future meetings and the aspects of these meetings that are important and essential to the success of the project. PROJECT CHARTER PURPOSE The project charter defines the scope, objectives, and overall approach for the work to be completed. It is a critical element for initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and assessing the project. It should be the single point of reference on the project for project goals and objectives, scope, organization, estimates, work plan, and budget. In addition, it serves as a contract between the Project Team and the Project Sponsors, stating what will be delivered according to the budget, time constraints, risks, resources, and standards agreed upon for the project.

The End of Work :: Literary Analysis, Jeremy Rifkin

The material and ideological conditions of our society is important to understand our social situation. This essay outlines the material and ideological conditions and how it signifies our social situation. Material condition means production, exchange and the organization of society. Ideological condition means ideas that are common in society. This essay will focus on the following reading: â€Å"The End of Work† by Jeremy Rifkin, â€Å"Where the Wasteland Ends† by Theodore Roszak, â€Å"The Making of Economic Society† by Robert Heilbroner and â€Å"The Tyranny of Work† by James W. Rinehart. The material conditions in our society are very important. The introduction of machines reduced the number workers in the workforce. The commodity was produced mainly by machines with a little help of humans. The technology has developed which lead workplaces look into new ways in reducing cost and efficient products. In the â€Å"Where the Wasteland Ends† by Theodore Roszak it stated that knowledge grows and how tomorrow’s knowledge is enormous. Today’s knowledge would always be the base for tommow’s knowledge. (Roszak,149) Today’s people know more than people in the past. This relates to the â€Å"The End of Work† by Jeremy Rifkin article which states that the people in the past had their own knowledge of producing their own things for their own needs and than these workers had to make the products for other people which than lead to inventing machines to get rid of the workers. This demonstrates the fact that â€Å"the workers† were the old knowledge and the â€Å"machines† are the new knowledge. As technology, in other words â€Å"science† grows new knowledge would develop and this would lead today’s young generation to become smarter than the previous generation. The jobs that are present today in our society is related t o technology and therefore the work people do shows what they are worth. If you have more knowledge on the recent technology you would have a higher value. (Rifkin, 17) In the â€Å"The Making of Economic Society† by Robert Heilbroner it mentions that in order for humans to earn their daily bread they must work. (Heilbroner,1) In our world, the well developed countries depend on other countries to provide them with their daily needs and other products. They do not make their products instead they ship materials in and out the country for their citizens to use. (Heilbroner, 3) Countries like U.

Marketing and Britannia Essay

The story of one of India’s favorite brands reads almost like a fairy tale. Once upon a time, in 1892 to be precise, a biscuit company was started in a nondescript house in Calcutta (now Kolkata) with an initial investment of Rs. 295. The company we all know as Britannia today. The beginnings might have been humble-the dreams were anything but. By 1910, with the advent of electricity, Britannia mechanized its operations, and in 1921, it became the first company east of the Suez Canal to use imported gas ovens. Britannia’s business was flourishing. But, more importantly, Britannia was acquiring a reputation for quality and value. As a result, during the tragic World War II, the Government reposed its trust in Britannia by contracting it to supply large quantities of â€Å"service biscuits† to the armed forces. As time moved on, the biscuit market continued to grow†¦ and Britannia grew along with it. In 1975, the Britannia Biscuit Company took over the distribution of biscuits from Parry’s who till now distributed Britannia biscuits in India. In the subsequent public issue of 1978, Indian shareholding crossed 60%, firmly establishing the Indianness of the firm. The following year, Britannia Biscuit Company was re-christened Britannia Industries Limited (BIL). Four years later in 1983, it crossed the Rs. 100 crores revenue mark. On the operations front, the company was making equally dynamic strides. In 1992, it celebrated its Platinum Jubilee. In 1997, the company unveiled its new corporate identity – â€Å"Eat Healthy, Think Better† – and made its first foray into the dairy products market. In 1999, the â€Å"Britannia Khao, World Cup Jao† promotion further fortified the affinity consumers had with ‘Brand Britannia’. Britannia strode into the 21st Century as one of India’s biggest brands and the pre-eminent food brand of the country. It was equally recognized for its innovative approach to products and marketing: the Lagaan Match was voted India’s most successful promotional activity of the year 2001 while the delicious Britannia 50-50 Maska-Chaska became India’s most successful product launch. In 2002, Britannia’s New Business Division formed a joint venture with Fonterra, the world’s second largest Dairy Company, and Britannia New Zealand Foods Pvt. Ltd. was born. In recognition of its vision and accelerating graph, Forbes Global rated Britannia ‘One amongst the Top 200 Small Companies of the World’, and The Economic Times pegged Britannia India’s 2nd Most Trusted Brand. Today, more than a century after those tentative first steps, Britannia’s fairy tale is not only going strong but blazing new standards, and that miniscule initial investment has grown by leaps and bounds to crores of rupees in wealth for Britannia’s shareholders. The company’s offerings are spread across the spectrum with products ranging from the healthy and economical Tiger biscuits to the more lifestyle-oriented Milkman Cheese. This is because NutriChoice SugarOut is sweetened with â€Å"Sucralose,† derived from sugar, which provides the same sweetness as any other biscuit, without the added calories of sugar. This range is available in 3 delicious variants namely Lifetime, Chocolate cream, and Orange cream, targeted towards all health sensitive people. It is also relevant for consumers with sugar related ailments. Customers are pleasantly delighted with its great taste and equally surprised to know that it has no added sugar. Don’t be taken for a ride when you read â€Å"Sugar Free† label on many biscuit packs marketed in India or abroad. Even with 100% no-added sugar, wheat-cereals in biscuits have their own natural sugar content. Britannia has chosen to represent these biscuits with â€Å"No Added Sugar† claim, as there is no added sugar in the processing of NutriChoice SugarOut. Britannia 50-50 Pepper Chakkar The launch of the latest 50-50 variant left everybody guessing â€Å"What it eez? † From TV ads, radio, outdoor and in-store display materials to events, a website and SMS and email blasts, traditional and new media were blended synergistically to create excitement and curiosity about the unique taste of the biscuit. The tangy and distinctive pepper flavoured biscuit, that’s thin and crispy and more like a snack, caught the imagination of a younger audience craving something to nibble on. The 50-50 Pepper Chakkar launch is truly a case of leveraging the marketing mix to best advantage. Biscuits derive its name from a French word meaning twice backed bread; Biscuits in general have a good shelf life, which is higher than all other snack items available in the market. India is the second largest producer of biscuits in the world after the U. S. A. but still the per capita consumption is only 2. kg/year of developed countries. As per the latest survey done by N. C. A. E. R. , 49 biscuits are consumed in rural areas. The penetration of biscuits into households stands at an average of 83. 2% with the rural penetration at 77% and urban penetration at 88%. Biscuits are reserved for the small scale sector but there are strong possibilities of the industry being deserved in line with the government policy of liberalization. The net effect thus would be greater choice for the consumer as well as a check on the costs. The country production of the biscuits during 2004-05 was 18. Lac tons of which 1/2 were manufactured by the organized sector. The industry turn over was 5322. 7 Crores of which organized sector contributed 2519. 3 crores. Britannia, makers of Britannia biscuits, doubled capacity from 25 tonnes a day to 50 tonnes and plans to be a national brand soon. In an aggressive mode, the North dominated biscuit player has increased its ad budget to Rs. 5 crore this year from Rs. 3 crore last year. Britannia has also recently invested about Rs. 5 crore in the modernization and expansion of its production and packing its production capacity of 40 tonnes per day to 100 tonnes per day by next year. The aim: to take the current turnover of Rs. 50 crore to Rs. 100 crore by the year. The low priced brand claims to have a 15 per cent market share in the North and is aggressively eyeing a bigger bite of the Rs. 2,500 crore biscuit industries. The brand plans to gain a 40 per cent market share in the North by the year of. The company’s strategy has been to attract new consumer segments and widen its consumer base with its well packaged low priced offerings. Britannia’s success has also come from its formidable. The applicability of various branding strategies play crucial role in arketing in product. the applicability has grown due to the liberalization, competition and technological changes taking place in corporate world. In this project the various branding strategies adopted by the company has been studied and compared on the basis of current market scenario. It gives the idea about the market share enjoyed by the different companies in the Biscuit Industry. It provides the adequate coverage of many issues related to biscuit industry. The objective of this report is to give the market share of Britannia biscuits in the Indian capital (New Delhi). It has been made possible by knowing the consumer’s behaviour and by studying the patterns adopted by the retailers. It gives us very precise view about the existing demand of Britannia biscuits and demand of their products as compared to other competitors. It also highlights the changing market trends and consumer preferences, why they have shifted from finally pack to pouch pack. The annual growth rate of the industry is about 12. 5%. However, the growth of cream biscuits, assorted or special variety is the range of 30-40%. The organized sector consists of large, medium and small scale biscuit manufacturers who produce packed biscuits. The major players in this sector are Britannia, Bakeman’s, and Parle, etc. the unorganized sector comprises of small bakery units, cottage and household type manufacturing plants. These units distribute their biscuits in the surrounding vicinity of their manufacturing locations of say 20-50 kms. The country production of biscuits during 2005-06 is estimated to be about 19. 5 lack tons. Out of which 1/2 again is expected from unorganized sector.

Organizational Behaviors Essay

Every organization knows that they need a good leader to run their companies and make sure that everything is going well. Therefore, it is important that leaders have the capacity to lead themselves first before trying to lead others. If they do not have power over themselves, they will not be able to properly demonstrate their leadership skills to their subordinates. Self leadership takes several processes where people have the ability to control their own behavior. To acquire self-leadership skills, a person must first â€Å"practice self-observation, setting challenging personal goals, self-direction, and self-reinforcement. Every thing must come from one’s self first before it could be given to others. This holds true when it comes to leadership. A person cannot lead others if he or she cannot lead him or herself. If others cannot see effective leadership skills in an individual, they might not follow the person and bypass his or her authority. A good leader should also make it a point to encourage his or her subordinates or colleagues to establish their goals, which is important to have even for one’s personal life. Goals establish direction, as to where a person is heading and what his or her plans in life are. They make an individual motivated enough to achieve what he or she wants in life and be successful in the future. They would become goal-oriented individuals, which would ultimately benefit the organization in the long run. Motivation is an important factor for an employee because if this is not present, the employee might feel burnt out from the job. Self-rewarding, no matter how big or small, can influence a worker to perform better and develop a better attitude towards the work and workplace. Having this kind of behavior would result to a successful organization and more harmonious relationship in the working environment. Self-leadership can also be acquired through positive thinking. It is always better to think of the brighter side of things rather than dwell on the negative things. Having a positive outlook can change one’s perspective on things and can look at situations differently, which would result to better judgments and better leadership skills. It is also important for leaders or employers to create an environment that is suitable for self-leadership. Employees will feel that they are important when they have opportunities to grow in terms of their professional paths. They can demonstrate their skills better and become motivated because they know that their efforts will return appreciated. The final thing that employees need to remember when trying to learn self-leadership skills is to allow self-criticism. A mature person knows that he or she cannot please everyone and criticisms should be regarded as positive things taken to improve one’s self. If an individual take criticisms personally it could be destructive and would affect his or her performance at work. Self-criticisms provide a way for people to be aware of their actions and that they are not perfect. They should remember to always have room for improvement. Leaders who can lead themselves as effective as how they lead others are important, especially with the emergence of groups or teams at the workplace nowadays. People who do not know how to direct themselves would have a hard time making others follow them because they themselves do not demonstrate what and how a good leader should be.